JSON 狂歡節:Apex 外部呼叫中固定反序列化與動態反序列化的對決
引言:
你好!我是 Steve Simpson,Salesforce 認證技術架構師和講師。在這篇部落格中,我們將探討在 Salesforce 中進行 Apex 外部呼叫時解析 JSON 的不同技術。我們會討論固定結構的 JSON 解析、動態 JSON 解析,以及一種兼具靈活性和易用性的混合方式。
第 1 部分:用單行反序列化進行固定結構的 JSON 解析
當你面對的是不常變化的簡單 JSON 結構時,你可以建立一個與 JSON 結構完全對應的 Apex 類。這種做法讓你只用一行程式碼就能把 JSON 字串反序列化成一個數組。對於靜態的 JSON 結構,這種方法強大而高效。

public class OS_FlightStatusModel{ public String icao24 {get;set;} public Integer firstSeen {get;set;} public String estDepartureAirport {get;set;} public Integer lastSeen {get;set;} public String estArrivalAirport {get;set;} public String callsign {get;set;} public Integer estDepartureAirportHorizDistance {get;set;} public Integer estDepartureAirportVertDistance {get;set;} public Integer estArrivalAirportHorizDistance {get;set;} public Integer estArrivalAirportVertDistance {get;set;} public Integer departureAirportCandidatesCount {get;set;} public Integer arrivalAirportCandidatesCount {get;set;} //---Use the JSON Deserialize public static List<OS_FlightStatusModel> parse(String json) { return (List<OS_FlightStatusModel>) System.JSON.deserialize(json, List<OS_FlightStatusModel>.class); }}有了上面的類,你就可以用一行程式碼輕鬆地解析 JSON:
//---Get the Flight Request private static List<OS_FlightStatusModel> getFlightRequest(String requestURL) {//---Return structureList<OS_FlightStatusModel> retList = new List<OS_FlightStatusModel>();//---Make the requestHttpResponse resp = getRequest( requestURL);//---Check for SuccessInteger respStatusCode = resp.getStatusCode();if (respStatusCode == 200) {//---Read the PayloadString payload = resp.getBody();debug('Payload: ' + payload);//---Parse the payloadretList = OS_FlightStatusModel.parse(payload);if (retList != null) {System.debug('Found ' + retList.size() + ' records');for( OS_FlightStatusModel mRow : retList) {debug('Row: ' + mRow); } } }else {//---Handle an errordebug('Response Status Code: ' + respStatusCode); }return retList; }第 2 部分:動態 JSON 解析
對於更復雜的 JSON 結構,比如陣列或巢狀物件,你可能需要使用動態 JSON 解析。這種做法需要更多行程式碼,並且要在 JSON 權杖之間小心地導航。雖然看起來更復雜,但在面對高階的 JSON 結構時,動態 JSON 解析是必要的。
示例:
/***************************************************************************************** @Name OS_StateModelParser* @Author Steve Simpson - steve@stevetecharc.com* @Date 2023** @Description Parser for reading State Models from JSON***************************************************************************************** Version Developer Date Description*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* 1.0 Steve Simpson 2023 Initial Creation****************************************************************************************/public with sharing class OS_StateModelParser extends OS_BaseParser{private OS_StateResponseModel responseModel {get; set;}//--Parse the payload into the OS_StateResponseModelpublic OS_StateResponseModel parse(String json) {//---Setup the return valueresponseModel = new OS_StateResponseModel();responseModel.States = new List<OS_StateModel>();try {parseBody(json); }catch (Exception ex) {debug( 'Exception: ' + ex.getMessage() + ' ' + ex.getStackTraceString());debugJSON(json); }return responseModel; }//---Parse the body of the JSONprivate void parseBody(String json) {//---Set the default Page Sizeif (PageSize == 0) PageSize = DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;Boolean hasTokenTime = false;Boolean hasTokenStates = false;JSONParser parser = System.JSON.createParser(json);//---Read Token by Tokenwhile (parser.nextToken() != System.JSONToken.END_OBJECT) {//---Read the current Token, check its field nameif (parser.getCurrentToken() == System.JSONToken.FIELD_NAME) {String text = parser.getText();debug( 'Json Token: ' + text);//---If the next token has a value, then write it, this handles null valuesif (parser.nextToken() != System.JSONToken.VALUE_NULL) {//---Read the timeif (text == 'time') {responseModel.ResponseTime = parser.getIntegerValue();hasTokenTime = true; }//---Read the statesif (text == 'states') {responseModel.States = parseStateList(parser);hasTokenStates = true; } } }//---If have both tags, then break out of loopif (hasTokenStates && hasTokenTime) break; } }//---Parse the Statesprivate List<OS_StateModel> parseStateList(JSONParser parser) {CurrentRecord = 0;//---Build the return listList<OS_StateModel> retList = new List<OS_StateModel>();//---Go to the next token if neededif (parser.getCurrentToken() == null) parser.nextToken();//---Iterate over the itemswhile (parser.nextToken() != System.JSONToken.END_ARRAY) {CurrentRecord++; //---Track the current recordString logLine = 'Rec: ' + CurrentRecord + ': ';if (CurrentRecord > getMaxRecord()) {//---If past the max record, then break out of loopdebug(logLine + 'End of page');break; }else if (CurrentRecord >= getFirstRecordToProcess()) {//---Build a new State RowOS_StateModel sModel = new OS_StateModel();parseStateItem(parser, sModel);retList.add(sModel);debug(logLine + 'State: ' + sModel); }else {//---Pass in null model to trigger token advancement without reading valuesparseStateItem(parser, null);debug(logLine + 'Skipped'); } }return retList; }//---Parse the Statesprivate void parseStateItem(JSONParser parser, OS_StateModel sModel) {//---Go to the next token if neededif (parser.getCurrentToken() == null) parser.nextToken();Integer position = 0;while (parser.nextToken() != System.JSONToken.END_ARRAY) {if (sModel != null && parser.getCurrentToken() != System.JSONToken.VALUE_NULL) {if (position == 0) sModel.icao24 = parser.getText();if (position == 1) sModel.callsign = parser.getText();if (position == 2) sModel.origin_country = parser.getText();if (position == 3) sModel.time_position = parser.getIntegerValue();if (position == 4) sModel.last_contact = parser.getIntegerValue();if (position == 5) sModel.longitude = parser.getDoubleValue();if (position == 6) sModel.latitude = parser.getDoubleValue();if (position == 7) sModel.baro_altitude = parser.getDoubleValue();if (position == 8) sModel.on_ground = parser.getBooleanValue();if (position == 9) sModel.velocity = parser.getDoubleValue();if (position == 10) sModel.true_track = parser.getDoubleValue();if (position == 11) sModel.vertical_rate = parser.getDoubleValue();if (position == 12) {//---Sensors, sub Array, should be null }if (position == 13) sModel.geo_altitude = parser.getDoubleValue();if (position == 14) sModel.squawk = parser.getText();if (position == 15) sModel.spi = parser.getBooleanValue();if (position == 16) sModel.position_source = parser.getIntegerValue();if (position == 17) sModel.category = parser.getIntegerValue(); }position++;//System.debug('Position ' + position); } }}第 3 部分:用自訂後設資料進行動態對映
如果你需要更大的靈活性,可以考慮用自訂後設資料進行動態對映。這種做法讓你無需修改程式碼,就能把 JSON 欄位動態地對映到 SObject 欄位。有了動態對映,你可以隨時新增或刪除欄位,在生產環境中提供極大的靈活性。
示例:
建立自訂後設資料,把 JSON 欄位對映到 SObject 的 API 名稱、位置和資料類型。
載入自訂後設資料,並用它動態地給 SObject 欄位賦值。
/***************************************************************************************** @Name OS_StateSObjectModelParser* @Author Steve Simpson - steve@stevetecharc.com* @Date 2023** @Description Parser for reading State Models from JSON***************************************************************************************** Version Developer Date Description*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* 1.0 Steve Simpson 2023 Initial Creation****************************************************************************************/public with sharing class OS_StateSObjectModelParser extends OS_BaseParser{private OS_StateSObjectResponseModel responseModel {get; set;}private List<OS_StateMap__mdt> mapList {get;set;}//--Parse the payload into the OS_StateResponseModelpublic OS_StateSObjectResponseModel parse(String json) {mapList = OS_StateMap__mdt.getAll().values();//---Setup the return valueresponseModel = new OS_StateSObjectResponseModel();responseModel.States = new List<OS_State__c>();try {parseBody(json); }catch (Exception ex) {debug( 'Exception: ' + ex.getMessage() + ' ' + ex.getStackTraceString());debugJSON(json); }return responseModel; }//---Parse the body of the JSONprivate void parseBody(String json) {//---Set the default Page Sizeif (PageSize == 0) PageSize = DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;Boolean hasTokenTime = false;Boolean hasTokenStates = false;JSONParser parser = System.JSON.createParser(json);//---Read Token by Tokenwhile (parser.nextToken() != System.JSONToken.END_OBJECT) {//---Read the current Token, check its field nameif (parser.getCurrentToken() == System.JSONToken.FIELD_NAME) {String text = parser.getText();debug( 'Json Token: ' + text);//---If the next token has a value, then write it, this handles null valuesif (parser.nextToken() != System.JSONToken.VALUE_NULL) {//---Read the timeif (text == 'time') {responseModel.ResponseTime = parser.getIntegerValue();hasTokenTime = true; }//---Read the statesif (text == 'states') {responseModel.States = parseStateList(parser);hasTokenStates = true; } } }//---If have both tags, then break out of loopif (hasTokenStates && hasTokenTime) break; } }//---Parse the Statesprivate List<OS_State__c> parseStateList(JSONParser parser) {CurrentRecord = 0;//---Build the return listList<OS_State__c> retList = new List<OS_State__c>();//---Go to the next token if neededif (parser.getCurrentToken() == null) parser.nextToken();//---Iterate over the itemswhile (parser.nextToken() != System.JSONToken.END_ARRAY) {CurrentRecord++; //---Track the current recordString logLine = 'Rec: ' + CurrentRecord + ': ';if (CurrentRecord > getMaxRecord()) {//---If past the max record, then break out of loopdebug(logLine + 'End of page');break; }else if (CurrentRecord >= getFirstRecordToProcess()) {//---Build a new State RowOS_State__c osState = new OS_State__c();parseStateItem(parser, osState);retList.add(osState);debug(logLine + 'State: ' + osState); }else {//---Pass in null model to trigger token advancement without reading valuesparseStateItem(parser, null);debug(logLine + 'Skipped'); } }return retList; }//---Parse the Statesprivate void parseStateItem(JSONParser parser, OS_State__c osState) {//---Go to the next token if neededif (parser.getCurrentToken() == null) parser.nextToken();Integer position = 0;while (parser.nextToken() != System.JSONToken.END_ARRAY) {if (osState != null && parser.getCurrentToken() != System.JSONToken.VALUE_NULL) {OS_StateMap__mdt curMap = null;for(OS_StateMap__mdt mapRow : mapList) {if (mapRow.Position__c == position) {curMap = mapRow;break; } }if (curMap != null) {String apiName = curMap.API_Name__c;if (curMap.Data_Type__c == 'Text') {osState.put(apiName, parser.getText()); }if (curMap.Data_Type__c == 'Integer') {osState.put(apiName, parser.getIntegerValue()); }if (curMap.Data_Type__c == 'Double') {osState.put(apiName, parser.getDoubleValue()); }if (curMap.Data_Type__c == 'Boolean') {osState.put(apiName, parser.getBooleanValue()); } } }position++;//System.debug('Position ' + position); } }}結論:
在 Salesforce Apex 外部呼叫中,你可以根據需要從多種 JSON 解析技術中選擇。對於簡單的靜態 JSON,使用帶單行反序列化的固定結構 JSON 解析。對於更復雜的結構,考慮動態 JSON 解析。而要獲得最大的靈活性,就使用基於自訂後設資料的動態對映。每種做法都有其適用場景,所以選擇最符合你專案需求的那一種。
編碼愉快!
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